Aloha Everyone! 💥
Today is my last day here at HIMB for my internship this summer, as I will make my way back to Massachusetts and Smith College. I have had a fantastic time here over the past few months, and I am so grateful to have had the opportunity to be a part of our CEP team. Over my time here, I have met many wonderful people who have always been so caring, friendly and inviting to someone far from home like me! I have had the opportunity to run and help with many tours, labs, and an overnight, as well as work on a few different projects, such as creating new signage for our touch tanks and new cue cards for our walking tours. Just the other day I created a worksheet for our labs and classes that will be put into use soon. I have been out almost every day cleaning the touch tanks, one of my favorite activities here since I get to spend time with some of our lovely creatures. Overall, this has been a wonderful experience that I will look back on and cherish. But I won't be gone too long, as I plan on coming to visit this winter, and perhaps running some more tours then!
See you soon,
Ginny Svec 😄
CEP Intern
Showing posts with label marine biology. Show all posts
Showing posts with label marine biology. Show all posts
Thursday, August 30, 2018
Wednesday, August 29, 2018
Pacific Portuguese Man-of-War
Aloha everyone!
On a three-day-program with students from Beijing this past month, much of the Community Education Program team was snorkeling on the sand bar, when I had to bring one cold student back to our boat. On my way back to the other snorkelers, I got caught in the long tentacle of a Pacific Portuguese Man-of-War (Physalia utriculus /pa'imalau)!
Pacific Portuguese Men-of-War, otherwise known as bluebottles, belong to the phylum Cnidaria, meaning that they have a stomach and mouth, radially symmetric curved bodies which open at one end, and tentacles covered in stingers or nematocysts. These nematocysts help cnidarians to be able to eat and protect themselves. A cnidarian can either be in the form of a polyp or a medusa, where the polyp is attached to a surface with its mouth pointing upwards (i.e. an anemone or a coral) and the medusa form faces down and is free-swimming (i.e. a jellyfish). A Man-of-War is in the medusa form of a cnidarian since it faces downwards as shown on the right.
Though many people refer to these gelatinous creatures as jellyfish, they actually belong to the class Hydrozoa, unlike true jellyfishes which are as scyphozoans and cubozoans. Hydrozoa create their medusae through budding, or asexual reproduction through the creation and cleavage of a clone on the hydrozoan. Syphozoa on the other hand, use strobillation, or the spontaneous segmentation of their bodies to be able to create their medusae, while Cubozoa polyps metamorphose to become medusae.
The Pacific Portuguese Man-of-War belongs to the order Siphonophora within the class Hydrozoa. Typically, these open-water or pelagic animals use their floats (the puffy-looking polyp above the tentacles and medusae) in order to rise and sink in the water column. They can do this by altering the amount of gas or oil within their floats, or by swimming. Unlike other hydrozoans, the Man-of-War stays at the surface, using its carbon monoxide-filled float to keep it above the water, with a crest to help it move with the wind. Though cnidarians can be either solitary or colonial, and the Man-of-War may look like one solitary animal such as a jellyfish, they are actually made up of many medusae and polyps, which bud from the original polyp (the float) as mentioned above, and attach to it to form a colony. The medusae hanging below the float can also help with propulsion through the water, and each perform specialized tasks such as digestion, fishing, and sexual reproduction via eggs and sperm. A single tentacle extends down into the water column, paralyzing or killing its prey before contracting to feed itself. Check out how these animals move in the videos linked below:
Since these creatures are a dark blue or even purple color, they are difficult to spot in the water, until it is too late. Your best chance of seeing one before it stings you is by looking for its float above the surface of the water. If you do happen to get stung, however, recent research by UH suggests that vinegar works well at stopping cnidae discharge which causes the stinging. Other methods of stopping stinging such as alcohols, urine, shaving cream and baking soda actually caused cnidae discharge and did not stop it from happening. This means that these methods which were previously thought to be a better method for stopping Man-of-War stings do not seem to help at all, and may actually harm you more!
After being stung, the burning for me personally lasted about an hour until it was completely gone. However, I had been touching it before I knew not to do that, and instead to rinse with salt water and vinegar. Some people and sources seem to suggest that this feeling will only last for about 20 minutes, while others say that they had pain and red marks in those areas for about a week! I suppose that everyone's pain tolerance is different, and some people may have sensitive skin or allergies as well. For me, though, the pain just felt like a very bad razor burn.
Fortunately I got stung by the Pacific Portuguese Man-of-War, which can have a float of about 1 to 2 inches in length and a long tentacle below, instead of the Atlantic version which can have a float up to a foot long, with many fishing tentacles up to 30 feet long! Though I was the only person to get stung out of our snorkeling group, some of our other staff members noticed a cloud of Men-of-War floating towards the school group on their way back to the boat after I had been stung, since it was such a windy day. It looks like this intern took one for the team!
Mahalo nui,
Ginny Svec
Sources
Bouillon, Jean, et al. An Introduction to Hydrozoa. Publications Scientifiques Du Muséum, 2006.
Hoover, John P. Hawai'i's Sea Creatures: a Guide to Hawai'i's Marine Invertebrates. Mutual Pub., 1999.
Wilcox, Christie L., et al. “Assessing the Efficacy of First-Aid Measures in Physalia Sp. Envenomation, Using Solution- and Blood Agarose-Based Models.” MDPI, Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute, 26 Apr. 2017.
http://www.mdpi.com/2072-6651/9/5/149/htm
On a three-day-program with students from Beijing this past month, much of the Community Education Program team was snorkeling on the sand bar, when I had to bring one cold student back to our boat. On my way back to the other snorkelers, I got caught in the long tentacle of a Pacific Portuguese Man-of-War (Physalia utriculus /pa'imalau)!
 |
| A Pacific Portuguese Man-of-War swimming in Hawaiian waters. Its float and some of its medusae are visible, with the longer fishing tentacle drifting further below the picture. Photo by Oceanwideimage.com |
Though many people refer to these gelatinous creatures as jellyfish, they actually belong to the class Hydrozoa, unlike true jellyfishes which are as scyphozoans and cubozoans. Hydrozoa create their medusae through budding, or asexual reproduction through the creation and cleavage of a clone on the hydrozoan. Syphozoa on the other hand, use strobillation, or the spontaneous segmentation of their bodies to be able to create their medusae, while Cubozoa polyps metamorphose to become medusae.
The Pacific Portuguese Man-of-War belongs to the order Siphonophora within the class Hydrozoa. Typically, these open-water or pelagic animals use their floats (the puffy-looking polyp above the tentacles and medusae) in order to rise and sink in the water column. They can do this by altering the amount of gas or oil within their floats, or by swimming. Unlike other hydrozoans, the Man-of-War stays at the surface, using its carbon monoxide-filled float to keep it above the water, with a crest to help it move with the wind. Though cnidarians can be either solitary or colonial, and the Man-of-War may look like one solitary animal such as a jellyfish, they are actually made up of many medusae and polyps, which bud from the original polyp (the float) as mentioned above, and attach to it to form a colony. The medusae hanging below the float can also help with propulsion through the water, and each perform specialized tasks such as digestion, fishing, and sexual reproduction via eggs and sperm. A single tentacle extends down into the water column, paralyzing or killing its prey before contracting to feed itself. Check out how these animals move in the videos linked below:
 |
| An image of a Man-of-War's float with its long tentacles trailing behind it. Photo by Arina Habich. |
 |
| A picture of me after I got stung. You may be able to see the red mark from the right side of my mouth across my upper lip, and up to where I am pointing on my cheek. The tentacle got caught around my snorkeling mask! Photo by me. |
Since these creatures are a dark blue or even purple color, they are difficult to spot in the water, until it is too late. Your best chance of seeing one before it stings you is by looking for its float above the surface of the water. If you do happen to get stung, however, recent research by UH suggests that vinegar works well at stopping cnidae discharge which causes the stinging. Other methods of stopping stinging such as alcohols, urine, shaving cream and baking soda actually caused cnidae discharge and did not stop it from happening. This means that these methods which were previously thought to be a better method for stopping Man-of-War stings do not seem to help at all, and may actually harm you more!
After being stung, the burning for me personally lasted about an hour until it was completely gone. However, I had been touching it before I knew not to do that, and instead to rinse with salt water and vinegar. Some people and sources seem to suggest that this feeling will only last for about 20 minutes, while others say that they had pain and red marks in those areas for about a week! I suppose that everyone's pain tolerance is different, and some people may have sensitive skin or allergies as well. For me, though, the pain just felt like a very bad razor burn.
 |
| An image showing the relative size of a Pacific Portuguese Man-of-War compared to a person's foot. That thin tentacle is what wrapped around my snorkeling goggles, stinging me across the face. Even though these creatures are fairly small compared to us, their sting sure packs a punch! Photo by hiveminer.com |
Fortunately I got stung by the Pacific Portuguese Man-of-War, which can have a float of about 1 to 2 inches in length and a long tentacle below, instead of the Atlantic version which can have a float up to a foot long, with many fishing tentacles up to 30 feet long! Though I was the only person to get stung out of our snorkeling group, some of our other staff members noticed a cloud of Men-of-War floating towards the school group on their way back to the boat after I had been stung, since it was such a windy day. It looks like this intern took one for the team!
Mahalo nui,
Ginny Svec
 |
| Our group of students snorkeling with one of our CEP staff members, Kyla. A short distance away was where all of the Men-of-War were swimming. Photo by Leon Weaver. |
Bouillon, Jean, et al. An Introduction to Hydrozoa. Publications Scientifiques Du Muséum, 2006.
Hoover, John P. Hawai'i's Sea Creatures: a Guide to Hawai'i's Marine Invertebrates. Mutual Pub., 1999.
Wilcox, Christie L., et al. “Assessing the Efficacy of First-Aid Measures in Physalia Sp. Envenomation, Using Solution- and Blood Agarose-Based Models.” MDPI, Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute, 26 Apr. 2017.
http://www.mdpi.com/2072-6651/9/5/149/htm
Thursday, April 20, 2017
Stoked on Marine Science!
Post by: Cristina Veresan
A group of 7th graders from Le Jardin Academy visited Coconut Island earlier this month for an overnight visit to conduct marine field work.
To visit the blog post, please click here
A group of 7th graders from Le Jardin Academy visited Coconut Island earlier this month for an overnight visit to conduct marine field work.
To visit the blog post, please click here
 |
| Raphael introduces students to the Gates Lab |
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| Leon explains the "Super Sucker" barge that helps remove invasive Gorilla ogo algae from Kane'ohe Bay |
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| Boat ride across to HIMB |
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| Students setting up camp |
Thursday, April 13, 2017
Sponge Predation by Cowries
Opposed to popular belief, sponges do not actually live in a
pineapple under the sea and do not protect secret hamburger recipes from evil
copepods. However, we do know that they can often be found nestled in the
crevices of coral reefs.
In Kane’ohe Bay, you can find a wide variety of different
species of sponge along our coral reefs, but one of these species is of high interest
to some of our researchers here at HIMB. This species of sponge, Mycale grandis (Orange Keyhole Sponge) (Figure
1), is an invasive species that was unintentionally brought into our waters as
fouling organisms on Australian ships. In other words, the sponge grew on the
hulls on these boats and then were brought to Hawaii accidentally. Around 1996,
reports began to surface of this newly introduced sponge being found in the
Pearl Harbor Bay, but in relatively low concentrations. Soon after, these
sponges made their way to Kane’ohe Bay where they were found to have a much
more significant abundance and distribution across the coral reefs,
specifically in the Southern Bay near Coconut Island.
Figure 1. Mycale grandis, or the Orange Keyhole Sponge. Here, you can
clearly see the
“Key Hole” pores covering the sponge. |
In 2004-2005, scientists at NOAA performed some research to try and calculate the rate of growth of the M. grandis sponge and found that the sponge abundance increased by about 13% in just the one year. In the second year of research, they came to the same conclusion when they found significant growth at 7 of 11 observation sites, with the most significant growth still being around Coconut Island. This trend has continued throughout the years and can now be seen throughout the Kane’ohe Bay coral reef system.
So, I am sure you are asking, “Why is this important? What’s
wrong with this sponge living on our coral reefs?” Well, good thing you asked!
As with all invasive species, they create an unnatural competition with native
species of sponge and cause a disturbance in the balance of the ecosystem. Here
in Kane’ohe Bay, they can be seen growing over some native coral species as
well. Simply put, M. grandis moved in
to the reefs around Coconut Island and are making the native corals and native
sponges uncomfortable!
In effort to stop the invasive sponge from spreading even
further into the bay or expanding to other islands, officials tried to remove
the sponge mechanically, but found that this method was too time consuming and not
efficient as the sponge would grow back very quickly. They also tried to remove
the sponge by injecting the sponge with air. This method was very effective but
also requires a lot of resources and may not be the most efficient method.
This now brings us to the research being done here at HIMB. Our
researchers, Jan Vicente and Andrew
Osberg, are considering the possibility of controlling the growth of the
invasive sponge by experimenting with Tiger Cowries. These snail-like creatures
can also be found along our coral reefs, slowly grazing on algae and sponge. Our
researchers are hoping to find out more about the Tiger Cowries preferred diet
and if they will eat the M. grandis
that is threatening our coral reefs. To do this, they are comparing the M. grandis to various other species of
native sponge that can also be found within our coral reefs to see which one
the Tiger Cowries prefer to eat. If they have an appetite for the invasive M. grandis, then this could be a big
step towards preventing any further growth and expansion of the invasive
sponge!
Post by Kevin O'Rourke
Bishop Museum and University of Hawaii–Guidebook of
Introduced Marine Species of Hawai’i. N.p., 2002. Web. 2017.
http://www2.bishopmuseum.org/HBS/invertguide/species/mycale_armata.htm
http://www2.bishopmuseum.org/HBS/invertguide/species/mycale_armata.htm
NOAA – Assessment of Invasiveness of Orange Keyhole Sponge
Mycale Armata in Kaneohe Bay, Oahu, Hawaii Based on Surveys 2005-2006, Year 2
of Hawaii Coral Reef Initiative. N.p., 2007. Web. 2017. https://data.noaa.gov/dataset/assessment-of-invasiveness-of-the-orange-keyhole-sponge-mycale-armata-in-kaneohe-bay-oahu-hawaif3cb6
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